![]() ![]() ![]() 5 Many texts make only implicit references to progress, though. 3 Some authors refer to progress when they justify a specific political or research agenda, 4 and some remind us ‘not to underestimate’ progress in international law. 2 The creation of new international institutions or the elaboration of new codifications is typically viewed as an instance of progress in international law. Reference to progress takes many different forms in international legal scholarship. The conviction that there is progress in international law and that international law contributes to progress in a general sense is, on the whole, predominant and sets the tone of discussion. Grave breaches of international law are typically perceived as ‘deviant behaviour’. ![]() Neither open contempt of international humanitarian law in countless post-colonial civil wars nor the gloomy uncertainty with respect to potential use of weapons of mass destruction is viewed as an expression of the state of the international system in general. 1 However, not even grave violations of most fundamental rules of international law seem to have a major impact on the belief in the possibility of progress. This is not to say that scepticism of international law has altogether vanished from the debate. Despite all shortcomings of global ‘real life’, despite all deficiencies of international law, the general outlook on the development of our discipline remains remarkably optimistic. The idea of progress is omnipresent in international legal discourse. ![]()
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